「老夫子！北辰，居其所，而眾星共之。因為「萬有引力」(Gravity)!"Old Master, do you know why the North Polar Star keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it ? it is because the Gravity!"」
孔子不驚異？
蘋果砸過孔子的頭？
何止！
孔子還見過蘋果在空中飛！
怎麼回事？
某星夜，孔子仰觀北極星和北斗七星。一鳳鳥叨著一粒大蘋果，飛在天際。孔子來不及拉滿弓弦，蘋果竟砸向頭來！
「弋不射宿。"He shot, but not at birds perching. James Legge, Confucian Analects, op cit., p.203"」(論語‧述而)
孔子只射飛鳥，不論良、猛、大、小？鳳鳥驚見拉弓，張口，蘋果掉落！
從此，鳳鳥不再飛來人間咬蘋果，黃河之水混濁，再也看不出任何圖案！孔子深感罪過？故說：「鳳鳥不至，河不出圖，吾已矣夫！"The Fang bird does not come; the river sends forth no map. It is all over with me! Ibid.,p.219"」(論語‧子罕)
的確，孔子從此不射箭，故說：「吾何執？執御乎？執射乎？吾執御矣！"What shall I practise? Shall I practise charioteering? or shall I practise archery? I will practise charioteering! Ibid., p.216"」(論語‧子罕)
但是，孔子咬了一口蘋果。「甜，超過煙台味！」
再仰望北極星和北斗七星！
說道：北辰，居其「仁」所，而眾星同其「仁」性，故共之！」(Alex Pan’s View)
不但如此，天地人皆共仁德、仁性"The grand virtue of Nature"。
孔子回顧堯舜、文武的德政，曰：「仲尼祖述堯舜，憲章文武，……萬物並育而不相害，道並行而不相悖，小德川流，大德敦化，此天地所以為大也。"Chung-ni(Confucius) handed down the doctrines of Yao and Shun, as if they had been his ancestors, and elegantly displayed the regulations of Wan and Wu, taking them as his model.....All things are nourished together without their injuring one another. The courses of the seasons and of the sun(the earth) and moon, are pursued without any collision among them. The smaller energies are like river currents, the greater energies are seen in mighty transformations. It is this which makes heaven and earth so great. James Legge, The Doctrines of Mean, op cit.,Ch.30, pp.427-428"」(中庸第三十章)
宇宙有情、無情皆共一德"the same virtue"──生生之德"the virtue of livelihood"，謂之「仁」。
所以，自然界呈現井然秩序，自律、自主、自治。就宇宙天體秩序而言，「原因」在萬物皆天賦「萬有引力」──牛頓之見。而就宇宙有情、無情秩序而言，原因在「仁」德的內涵──孔子之見。
牛頓所建立的機械論宇宙觀，洛克以「自然權利」(Natural Rights)作為政治社會秩序的「原因」「原理」，演繹其政治理論─政治論兩篇(Two Treatises of Government, 1689)。彰顯其機械論宇宙觀.
自然權利──生命、自由與財產等不可剝奪權利。孟子以「有恆產者則有恆心」，揭示在先。蓋，恆心即仁德，若無恆產，何以滋長？故而，恆產乃恆心的不可缺和不可剝奪條件，孟子在孔子之後，宣揚仁道，不遺餘力，董仲舒能見樹不見林！
（取材自 Alex Pan’s Digest）
Alex Pan TheWalker
2012.02.17
2014/5/17再貼出
沒有留言:
張貼留言