蘇格拉底坦承對自己(指靈魂)一無所知。
康德亦說,人對於物自性(Thing-in-Itself)完全可知,但對於自身靈魂(Soul-in-Itself)完全不可知。因此,有機體論宇宙觀的盲點,就在靈魂的不可知。
人的心跳,自律自動,人在睡眠時,呼吸完全自動與自律,人體生理上所顯現自動自律的機械體系,並非常人的理智、意志所能操控。
但是,孔子「不復夢見周公」,無夢。阿羅漢亦無夢。阿羅漢"Arahat"經由四禪"four dhyanas"、八定"eight concentrations"及滅盡定"a samadhi in which there is complete extinction of sensation and thought.,能使心跳、呼吸微細緩慢,乃至止息,身體尚有體溫。因為阿羅漢擅於調節、控制身、口、意三行(即意志),進入恆性世界。(參考雜阿含第四七四經、第五六七經)
孔子知「止"to rest in the highest excellence"」,由定、靜、安、慮、得"The point where to rest been known, the object of pursuit is then determined, and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to. To that calmness, there will succeed a tranquil repose. In that repose, there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end. James Legge, The Great Learning, pp. 356-357"而達成,孔子亦有覺觀"awareness and pondering, acts of intellectuation" ,不只善於射箭,亦能達到恆性世界!
故而,孔子所談的「仁」,能攝及天、地及萬物,達到等同「萬有引力」的性質(The Grand Virtue of Nature)─生生之德。
漢儒談的「仁」,連「忠恕」之道都不及,令人惋惜!
Alex Pan TheWalker
2012.02.20
2014/5/19再貼出
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